A Reflection on Chapter Six of Second Language Learning Theories

A Reflection on Chapter Six of Second Language Learning Theories Chapter six focuses on the recent development of knowledge pertaining to the relationship between L2 development and native speakers. We are reminded of terms, such as: Input Hypothesis, recasts, prompts, and Output Hypothesis which help us formulate and identify aspects of L2 language development. The evaluation section of chapter six is split into several sections. The scope of interactionist research is often founded on Evelyn Hatch as early inspiration. Hatch said, â€Å"one learns how to do conversation, one learns how to interact verbally, and out of the interaction syntactic structures are developed,† (2013, p.184). I found the interaction approach with the nature of language and with the nature of learning most interesting in this chapter. The interaction approach with the nature of language is stemmed from the Input Hypothesis and the early version of the Interaction Hypothesis. This part of the approach views oral interaction as a necessary part of a sequence for second language development. Included in the oral interaction is opportunities for clarification and recasts. It is so important to remember the nature of language in this approach into our classrooms, so that we can see The interaction approach with the nature of learning is stemmed from similar roots as the nature of language with Krashen’s Input Hypothesis, but this one assumes the presence of a distinctive language acquisition device. This emphasizes learners’ attention and L2 processing capacity. Knowing a learner’s capacity will help us individualize our teaching strategies and help each learner feel like they can be successful in the classroom. The nature of learning also emphasizes the necessity of feedback on the learner. Feedback should be clear and concise for optimal effect (p.186). In conclusion, understanding the interactionist research will help us become better teachers and help us understand where our English language learners are from. We need to keep in mind each learner’s capacity to learn at a time, and we need to remember how oral interaction and feedback advances learning to help each of our student’s L2 development.

Personal Creativity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Personal Creativity - Essay Example It is creativity that gives meaning to our lives and it is during the process of creation that we feel life in its highest, most enjoyable form i.e. we feel happy and fulfilled at not only being connected to the highest being of the universe but also being able to benefit the existing universe as a result. But what exactly is Creativity? Is it found in a special class of human beings or is it a quality we all posses? Some definitions of ‘creativity’ explain that the idea behind the term is the conceiving of a new idea.’ â€Å"The word creativity is a noun naming a phenomenon in which a person communicates a new concept (which is the product). Mental activity (or mental process) is implicit in the definition.† (Rhodes, n.d.). ‘Creativity involves being imaginative, going beyond the obvious, being aware of one’s own unconventionality, being original in some way.† (Craft, 2000) â€Å"Creativity is the act of turning new and imaginative ideas into reality. Creativity involves two processes: thinking, then producing.† (Naiman, 2011) Contrary to common belief, we are all involved in various acts of creativity without realizing it. Without creativity, not only would our lives be empty, it may even be a continuous downward spiral as life needs creative input. At every step of our lives we have to do something new to change for the better. It can be as simple as trying out a new route to work in order to create a shortcut and save time. Or taking the risk of adding an extra ingredient to enhance the taste of something you’re cooking. Creativity is not accepting things just as they are, but in order to improve them, striving for new ideas. Thus creativity is present in all of us at some level and it comes to use when there is some problem to be solved. According to Nomura Institute of Japan, we are presently living in the era of Creativity, where constant innovation is required for us to be able to survive (Naiman, 2011). This statement proves itself as we take a look around and see how the economy and the com petitiveness surrounded by it have resulted in a need for change in all fields of work. Followed by the Agricultural, the Industrial and then the Informational age (Naiman, 2011), the age of Creativity looks for the New and the most Efficient. In this age anything, even a light bulb that produces less than it is given as an input, will be thrown out of the race and only the fittest will survive. Therefore every field of knowledge has increased pressure on research to keep up, and thus we see a faster pace of development. Along with the quantity we also have much better quality. With economic and environmental sustainability in mind, more responsible technology, education, designs and services are produced in all areas of life. In spite of what I’ve said about the everyday nature of creativity, when it comes to the working environment, where there is competition, not everyone stands at the same level. There are the original genius’s who seem to make everything work in w ays so simple they surprise us. Then there are others who have followed every rule, have stuck to routines that ensure maximum productive time and yet they’re work, although detailed and complete fails to bring to attention anything new, thus lacks creativity. This can be very commonly observed in creative fields such as art and design of which I am a part and have worked through various types of creative processes. People who are more creative in nature than others usually have a certain type of personality i.e. they have certain traits that distinguish them from others. The first

International Trading Operation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Trading Operation - Essay Example Importance has been accorded to the application of modern design technology which provides premium product quality and extremely high practical interpretations of design themes. The company has a wide-ranging collection of competitive products which matches a broad spectrum of consumer tastes and needs. (The history of ceramic tile manufacturing and the formation of H&R Johnson) The market experience of H&R Johnson lets international design fashions to be converted into products which particularly fulfils the requirements of the customers of UK. The company is equipped with a nation-wide network of independent retailers and distributors, coupled with a major investment in logistics which facilitates providing extremely increased levels of customer service. Building on the achievements of the its first century, H&R Johnson has been subjected to sweeping changes in the course of the year to position itself as the front ranking company and innovator for the demands of the tile industry in the new millennium. The eventual objective of the company lies in providing with the consumer with the "total solution for tiles". (The history of ceramic tile manufacturing and the formation of H&R Johnson) Since Tiles find wide applications in almost every country, however some countries are found to be more favourable compared to others. Nevertheless, the major export markets of H&R Johnson are the Asia-Pacific rim, the Central Asian countries, the Middle East, Africa, Central/East Europe, Western Europe, North America, Central America and South America. H&R Johnson is the largest manufacturer of ceramic tiles in the UK with production of decorative and innovative tile design. The company is the designer, manufacturer and exporter of ceramic glazed and unglazed wall, floor tiles and fittings along with floor and wall tile adhesives, grouts and tile fixing systems. Since the bygone four years, more than 35 million pound has been invested in the development of a new completely mechanized manufacturing facility on a lone location on Strole-on-Trent. (Nature of Business) Ans3) Which product are you going to export H&R Johnson exports floor and wall tiles. The company range consists of 'ARTILE' which are ceramic glazed wall tile embellished with digital images. 'ASPECTS' is the well-known ceramic wall and floor tiles. 'CAMPBELLS' are tiles meant to be fixed around the fireplace. 'CRISTAL' brand consist of ceramic glazed wall and floor tiles as well as wall and floor tiles. The 'ELEMENTS' and 'FREEDOM' range are popular ceramic wall and floor tiles while H&R Johnson is wall and floor tiles and ceramic glazed wall and floor tiles. The 'JOHNSON PROFESIONAL' consists of tile fixing systems, whereas 'KERASTAR' are ceramic, porcelain floor and cladding tiles. 'MINTON HOLLINS' are ceramic wall tiles and period designs while NORCROS ADHESIVES are tile fixing systems. The PRISMAFIT range consists of ceramic fittings and coves. Finally, 'SENSATIONS' and 'SPIRIT' is one more premium brand of glazed wall tiles. (Nature of Business) Ans4) What kind of payment use eg: documentary credit/confirmed irrevocable letter of credit/ transferable letter of credit/ document collection/ cash payment advance and so on: Confirmed Irrevocable Letter of